The Collapse of the Greenland Norse Essay -- european history

In Jared Diamond’s novel 'Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed' he discusses many civilizations that moved away from their homelands, grew in population, and then either failed or succeeded in their new environments. Throughout this essay I will attempt to explain the Collapse of the Greenland Norse, one of the many societies to rise and fall. The Greenland Norse faced multiple challenges including economical, agricultural, and unfriendly neighbors. Alongside Greenland other North Atlantic islands faced geographical challenges that lead to some of their falls as well. Yet, first I will discuss why the Norse left Scandinavia in search of new terrain. Similarly to other expansions the Norse, also known as Vikings, expansion was most likely caused by what’s commonly known as â€Å"push/pull† triggers. â€Å"Push† means that the population pressure lead to a lack of opportunities in their homeland while â€Å"pull† represents good opportunities and empty areas to colonize elsewhere (Collapse pg. 185). Another reason for their sudden expansion is autocatalytic process. For the Norse two very distinct events set of this type of process: one was that in A.D. 793 a raid took place in Lindisfarne Monastery yielding a rich haul of booty that lead to even larger yields in following years and the second reason being the discovery of the unpopulated Faeroe Islands lead to the finding of larger, more distant islands (Collapse pg. 186). Even though the islands looked promising the Norse soon found out otherwise as the geographical environments posed many problems. For instance, Orkneys which lays in the Gulf Stream was perhaps their most successful island as it enjoyed mild climates and allowed for great agricultural production, but on... ...the Norse (Collapse pg. 255). Furthermore, the Inuit was able to outlive the Norse due to their advanced fishing skills that the Norse refused to learn from their neighbors largely in part to religion. In the end though it was the Norse’s decision to refrain from eating fish, ringed seals, and whales that potentially could have saved them from collapse (Collapse pg. 274). Even though the Greenland Norse only survived for four hundred and fifty years they weren’t necessarily failures. After all their unique European society was able to survive longer than we’ve been able to survive here in America (Collapse pg. 276). If we, American’s, don’t learn from others past are we doomed to follow in their footsteps? In my opinion, the answer is yes, but hopefully we’ll be able to turn the tides before its too late and we fall into collapse like so many other societies.

Google’s Country Experience Case Study Essay

The well-known online search engine Google still being used in mainland of China, even they shut down the â€Å"Google China† service. Chinese sometime prefer to use â€Å"Google Hong Kong† instead. The reason of that is Google provides results of search more reliable and efficiency. However, Google still quitted the market of China. The work progress of search engine is more complicate than just search the key-words. The key-words could be link to every websites that used the word, sometime it just have nothing to do with the main point. According to Curt Franklin, the search engine’s works basically performs three tasks: (http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/search-engine.htm) ï‚ §Search the Internet, or select pieces of the internet based on important words. ï‚ §Keep an index of the words they found, and where they found them. ï‚ §Allow user to look for words or combinations of words found in that index. In that index, they don’t only sort the websites by key words, but also by contents. So each time we search something by words, in order to get what exactly we need, the system would find out more results that link to these words in the index. That’s how that’s how sometime we got results helpful but have no same key words with what we typed in. Search engines always provide free search experience for users; they make money from other websites. For websites, of no one check on at all, that won’t be necessary to exist. Search engines are just a good way to bring those websites in front of people’s eyes. According to Grant Crowell, there are a lot ways to make money for a search engine website. They can all sort into 3 aspects: (http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2066421/How-Search-Engines-Make-Money) ï‚ §Provide unique search technologies, a search engine has to consider what differentiates its search product from others. And they can sell the technologies to others. ï‚ §Commercial search results, which means those websites they can pay to the search engine for raise their websites’ shown on the result list. ï‚ §Advertising, provide advertise link which about what users search out of the search results. One step further, search engines could build some partnerships with a diversity of vendors, partners,products, and sales channels. However, as the internet getting bigger, Google grew bigger. Today’s Google is not just a search engines. We could find news, music, movies channels on it. Google system on cellphone is still in competition with Apple’s IOS IPhone system. Lately, with internet going everywhere in our life, Google’s own laptop system has become more popular. Which has no hard drive, everything saves on Google cloud. Obviously, the ways Google make money are more than we can imagine. The search engines have high exportability in every country as long as they use internet there. It like a transportation industry, no matter what people do, they need transportation to move their goods. Search engines are just â€Å"transportations† which bring the websites with information that user need to them. It’s good to bring the technology into a new area; it may improve internet users’ experience. The business model for Google or others search engines basically is selling advertises on search results. But these advertises are going to be useful based on what users searched. There are users looking for information, and also organizations which trying to giving information. The search engines give user search result and there advertisings about what they need to them, and get paid from these organization who post those advertising.

1880 to 1890 Timeline of Significant Events

1880 The word boycott enters the English language when tenant farmers in Ireland organize and refuse to pay landlord agent Captain Charles Boycott. The term quickly spreads to America, and after appearing in newspapers, its usage becomes widespread.Spring 1880: British troops under General Frederick Roberts march from Kabul to Kandahar during the Second Anglo-Afghan War, relieving a threatened British garrison and securing a victory over Afghan fighters.April 18, 1880: William Ewart Gladstone defeats Benjamin Disraeli in a British election to become Prime Minister for a second time.July 1880: The French-American Union announces that enough money has been raised to complete the construction of the Statue of Liberty, although further funding will be required to construct the pedestal on which it will sit in New York Harbor.November 2, 1880: James Garfield defeats Winfield Hancock in the U.S. Presidential election.November 11, 1880: Notorious Australian outlaw Ned Kelly is hanged in Melbourn e, Australia.December 1880: Inventor Thomas A. Edison uses electric Christmas lights for the first time, hanging them outside his lab in Menlo Park, New Jersey. 1881 January 19, 1881: John Sutter, owner of the sawmill where a gold discovery launched the California Gold Rush, dies in Washington, D.C.March 4, 1881: James Garfield is inaugurated as President of the United States.March 13, 1881:  Alexander II, son of Nicholas I, is assassinated.April 1881: Pogroms began in Russia after Jews are blamed for the assassination of Czar Nicholas II. When the refugees from the Russian pogroms arrive in New York City, poet Emma Lazarus is inspired write her poem, The New Colossus.April 19, 1881: British novelist and politician Benjamin Disraeli dies at the age of 76.May 21, 1883: The American Red Cross is incorporated by Clara Barton.July 2, 1881: President James Garfield is shot and wounded by Charles Guiteau at a Washington, D.C. train station.July 14, 1881: Outlaw Billy the Kid is shot and killed by lawman Pat Garrett in the New Mexico territory.September 19, 1881: President James Garfield succumbs to the gunshot wound hed received 11 weeks earlier. Vic e President Chester A. Arthur succeeds him as PresidentOctober 13, 1881: Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell is arrested and imprisoned by British authorities.October 26, 1881: The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral takes place in Tombstone, Arizona, pitting Doc Holliday along with Virgil,  Morgan, and  Wyatt Earp against Tom  and  Frank McLaury,  Billy  and  Ike Clanton, and  Billy Claiborne. 1882 April 3, 1882: Outlaw Jesse James is shot and killed by Robert Ford.April 12, 1882. Charles Darwin, author of On the Origin of Species, dies in England at the age of 73. Ralph Waldo Emerson. Stock Montage/Getty Images April 27, 1882: Influential American author and Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson dies at the age of 78.May 2, 1882: Irish political leader Charles Stewart Parnell is released from prison.June 2, 1882: Italian revolutionary hero Giuseppe Garibaldi dies at the age of 74.September 5, 1882: The first commemoration of Labor Day is held in New York City when 10,000 workers hold a labor march.December 1882: The first Christmas tree with electric lights is created by Edward Johnson, an employee of Thomas Edison. The tree is notable enough to be written about in newspapers. Within decades, electric Christmas tree lights became commonplace in America.December 10, 1882: Photographer Alexander Gardner, who took notable photographs of the Civil War, dies at the age of 61. His photographs of Antietam, displayed for the public in late 1862, changed the way the public thought of warfare. 1883 March 14, 1883: Philosopher Karl Marx dies at the age of 64.May 24, 1883: After more than a decade of construction, the Brooklyn Bridge is opened with an enormous celebration.July 15, 1883: General Tom Thumb, famous entertainer discovered and promoted by the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, dies at the age of 45. The diminutive man, born as Charles Stratton, was a show business phenomenon who performed for President Lincoln and Queen Victoria and was Barnums greatest attraction.August 27, 1883: The enormous volcano at Krakatoa erupts, blowing itself apart and throwing enormous quantities of volcanic dust into the atmosphere. 1884 August 6, 1884: The cornerstone for the Statue of Libertys pedestal is placed on Bedloes Island in New York Harbor.November 4, 1884: Despite a paternity scandal, Grover Cleveland defeats James G. Blaine (whose gaffe about rum, Romanism, and rebellion likely cost him the presidency) in the Presidential election of 1884.December 10, 1884: Mark Twain publishes The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. 1885 March 4, 1885: Grover Cleveland is inaugurated as President of the United States.June 19, 1885: The disassembled Statue of Liberty arrives in New York aboard a French freighter. President Grants coffin on the funeral car outside New Yorks City Hall. Getty Images July 23, 1885: Former U.S. President and hero of the Civil War Ulysses S. Grant dies at the age of 63. His enormous funeral procession in New York City signals the end of an era.September 7, 1885: Labor Day celebrations are held in cities across America, with tens of thousands of workers participating in marches and other commemorative events.October 29, 1885: George B. McClellan, the Union commander at the Battle of Antietam  who challenged President Lincoln in the election of 1864,  dies at the age of 58. 1886 May 4, 1886: The Haymarket Riot erupts in Chicago when a bomb is tossed into a mass meeting called in support of striking workers.May 15, 1886: American poet Emily Dickinson dies at the age of 55.June 2, 1886: President Grover Cleveland weds Frances Folsom in a White House ceremony, becoming the only president to be married in the executive mansion.October 28, 1886: The Statue of Liberty is dedicated in New York Harbor.November 18, 1886: Former U.S. President Chester A. Arthur dies in New York City at the age of 57. 1887 March 8, 1887: American clergyman and reformer Henry Ward Beecher dies in Brooklyn, New York at the age of 73.June 21, 1887: Britain celebrates the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria, commemorating the 50th year of her reign.November 2, 1887: Swedish opera singer Jenny Lind, whose sensational 1850 American tour was promoted by P. T. Barnum, dies at the age of 67. Poet Emma Lazarus. Hulton Archive/Getty Images November 19, 1887: Poet Emma Lazarus, whose inspirational poem The New Colossus is inscribed at the foot of the Statue of Liberty as an anthem to immigration, dies in New York City at the age of 38.December 1887: Sir Arthur Conan Doyles iconic detective Sherlock Holmes makes his debut in a story published in Beetons Christmas Annual magazine. 1888 March 11, 1888: The Great Blizzard of 1888 strikes the East Coast of the United States.August 31, 1888: Jack the Rippers first victim is discovered in London.November 6, 1888: President Grover Cleveland loses his bid for reelection to Benjamin Harrison. 1889 March 4, 1889: Benjamin Harrison takes the oath of office as President and delivers an uplifting inaugural address.May 31, 1889: A poorly constructed dam in Pennsylvania bursts open, resulting in the devastating Johnstown Flood. Elizabeth Cochrane, who known by the byline Nellie Bly. Interim Archive/Getty Images November 14, 1889: Nellie Bly, star reporter for Joseph Pulitzers New York World, departs on her 72-day race around the world. Bly, who set out to circumnavigate the entire globe in less than 80 days in order to beat the record of Phileas Fogg, the fictional protagonist of Victorian novelist Jules Vernes Around the World in Eighty Days, succeeds, closing out her adventure via a cross-country train trip from San Francisco to New York City.December 1889: Pierre de Coubertin, who would go on to organize the modern Olympic games, visits the campus of Yale University to study its athletic programs.December 6, 1889: Former President of the Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis dies at the age of 81.December 25, 1889: President Benjamin Harrison holds a festive Christmas celebration for his family at the White House, after which newspaper accounts regale the public with tales of lavish gifts and decorations—including a Christmas tree. 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