Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 307

Assignment Example It is, therefore, recommendable to encourage HR practices that view employees as important factors in the firms success. In this case, the action will imply that employees get more opportunity to improve the organization with their opinions and views. Nonetheless, employees’ influence concerns offering opportunities to prosper. If an employee has the necessary skills and capabilities to hold top positions, the HR functions should allow this to happen. Another action that can change the image if HR is ensuring that people management is in line with missions as well vision of the business. In most cases, organizations restrict their HR functions to personnel management. However, managers should understand that human resource management is broad and takes into consideration the influence it has on the business performance. The aim should be nurture skills and talents of the workforce so as to improve their productivity. In this case, training and development are necessary for ensuring that employees understand the company’s strategy. A proper management of workforce should, therefore, focus on adding value to both investors and the customers. Therefore, HR functions should focus on managing the workforce towards achieving the strategic goals of the business, which is to make profits, and gain competitive advantage. On the contrary, employees are the ones who bring competitive advantage with their skills and talents that are c rucial to realizing set goals and objectives. Therefore, effective management of workforce through engagement and development can improve the current image of

Seminary in Brooklyn Should be Encouraged Essay Example for Free

Seminary in Brooklyn Should be Encouraged Essay In the beginning of twelfth many girls have the conflict of deciding whether they should attend a year in Israel for an experience in Jewish studies, or to stay home and have the same kind Jewish Studies of experience in New York without being in Israel and attend college. In this beginning time period of twelfth grade the chatter of whose going to seminary and whose not are the constant conversations. This causes way too much stress and tension on girls regarding which seminary in Israel they should apply to. Not applying to seminary It makes the twelfth grade year an unstressed year. Twelfth grade should be a stress free zone since it’s the last year spending time with your friends. Seminary is valuable, but Israel is not necessary. Seminary in Israel should not be presented and pushed as the only alternative. Schools tend to forget the spectacular seminaries we have here, in Brooklyn NY. of November, schools start to bring seminary into talk. Signs for open houses, seminary meetings, option nights are posted everywhere. Option night is an assigned night for all twelfth graders along with their parents to attend. What goes on this night is that one representative from each seminary speak. They speak about the seminary they attended send describe their own personal experience with that seminary. They give the audience a feel of the seminary. Students and parents go home with a lot of confusion. Which seminary is my daughters’ type? Which one will she do well in? so many difficult questions arise. This turns into stress. In my opinion if they speak about Brooklyn seminaries and not hide it in the sand, it would change plenty of parent’s minds, and make the decision an easier one. Seminary advisors send out notes to set up a meeting with each individual student along with their parents. The goal of this meeting is to help make the right decision for the gir l and what is best for her. The seminary advisor takes out a list of all seminaries, and goes through each one individually. She tries cutting down the seminaries that are not the right fit for the student. This minimizes their selection and makes it easier for the girl and the family to choose what is best for each individual girl. The seminary adviser that is assigned to each girl does help many girls, but I think they are mainly focusing on the Israel part and barely mentioning staying home. Peer pressure at this point is above indescribable. Girls that don’t really want to go and would be okay in Brooklyn are feeling that pressure, â€Å"my friends are going therefore I should go.† I went through this myself. I didn’t want to feel like that loner that’s giving away the opportunity, and going to stay home alone. Seminary in Brooklyn is definitely not being discussed as much as it should be. It should be equally advertised as Israel is. I feel this system should be changed. Schools should cut down on the pushing girls to go to Israel. and start focusing on the superb seminaries we have here in the United States. I’ve interviewed friends of mine whom experienced the Israel seminary program along with those who have stayed in Brooklyn seminaries. Debra was in Darchei Bina for a year. She had a grand year. The one word she used to describe her experience was â€Å"indescribable† she had no words to describe her experience. I asked her what she gained from that year and why she would encourage Israel seminary. She answered me back one word â€Å"friendship, that’s the highlight of my year†. I told her to explain and elaborate on what she meant by that. She said the friendships she made within those ten months of her life she will always cherish forever. She became closer to girls in 10 months, than she as with her friends back home that she was with for years. I asked how such a thing is possible. She replied briefly â€Å"seminary is a time period where a girl is mature and knows what and who she is in life, and what she wants to perceived as in the future. She knows what type of friends are good for her and which girls will help her and be the person she wants to be in the future, you find those few friends who will stay with you forever. Debra is already four ye ars out of seminary. Her closest friends she made that year live in London and Chicago. They speak every night and visit each other on occasion. She brought up a good point because in higschool you move from friend to friend because nobody is stable yet. I personally say that you can find those same friends in Brooklyn seminaries. It will definitely take longer to bond but at the end of the day you will find that. It will take longer since you’re not together 24-7. You’re together for a couple of hours a day. Debra brought up a fantastic point; some girls need that quick friendship process that brings everlasting friendships. Not everyone needs that and not everyone gains such friendships in Israel, it’s not guaranteed. Another friend of mine, Michal who attended seminar told me about her experience. Michal focus and reason to go was to gain independence. â€Å" I used to be that girl that needed mommy for everything, whether it was driving me places, going shopping, or even making my bed.† After a year of completing the seminary stage in her life she said she is no longer that same old Michal anym ore. She’s more independent than anyone else can be. â€Å"Without that one year of Israel I wouldn’t be who I am today, I would be a mommys girl that nobody appreciates†. For her it was the best move of her life. Girls who need that sense and feel of living on your own and become independent, Israel may be a success. Some girls do need that. Doing laundry on your, cleaning, folding, taking care of shabbos meals, basically doing everything without mommy. On the other hand she shares the negative part of her experience. She is used to a cozy comfortable life. Her clean room, her clean spotless house. She had a very hard time adjusting to this big switch. She said everything in seminary is flying, its ugly. She believes a girl should know what she is coming to before she registers for seminary. â€Å"Its not something a person should jump into, if you’re that type of clean person, think twice before coming.† This was difficult for her but she kept telling herself I’m here for the right reason, to gain independence, therefore I will live with this. â€Å"If a girl doesn’t have the right reasons to come, I believe she should stay in Brooklyn seminary.† I enjoyed interviewing Michal. What she said really touched me. It did bring a valid point that girls should be aware of. Mrs. Edery, a parent of a twelfth grader explains as follows. â€Å"It’s so unfair and unnecessary to us the parents to spend so much money on seminary in Israel, it’s a burden these schools are putting on us it seems like they don’t realize what’s going on in this economy.† She said plenty of parents cannot afford it financially but feel the pressure to take every penny and even loans to send their daughters. She does not understand what’s wrong the seminaries here that they are not being enforced. I’m on the same boat as Mrs. Edery. If seminary in Israel is so important and they feel everyone is obligated to go, they should cut down tuition fee. There are scholarship programs that some families are qualified for. Even with that help it’s difficult. Chevy, who was recently a kallah, tried giving over her point of view regarding isreal. She brought up an excellent point that many people only realize once they get back from Israel. Free time in Israel can lead to bad and downfall of a person. When you’re free and bored you look for bad, that’s nature of a person. This defeats the whole purpose of â€Å"growing† in Israel. Most parents are naive and tend to throw this right over their head while they’re figuring out the seminary for their daughter. â€Å"If parents knew what goes on there at certain hours, certain places, they wouldn’t even think twice to send their daughters there† I was actually in Israel a couple of weeks ago and I was astonished by what goes on. Bis Yaakov girls hanging around because there are no night classes certain nights. These seminaries are trying to do well but they are missing an important point. Every parent wants only good for their child, in my7 opinion they should go check out the scene there before sending their child. In Brooklyn a girl has parents watching her and controlling her. This saves her from falling most of the time. A person has to be extremely strong and know their limits if they’re planning on spending the year in the holy land. Mrs. Fink, a seminary advisor in Prospect Park agrees with this free time issue. She says people sometimes get this wrong. They think they’re entering a place with kedusha and its going to stop them from doing bad. That’s not true, because if a person wants to do bad he will find his way. So you really have to know yourself ad beware of this. Boys are sent off to Israel and they hang out on the streets that are a danger for girls. She also explains how Israel is amazing because you focus on limudei kodesh and spiritually a whole day. This is a watering the seed of a person to grow. But in Brooklyn it’s just a couple hours of the day and the rest is secular studies. It’s a big expense; some families financially can’t afford it so the child has to understand accept this matter. â€Å" some families need that extra 20,000 dollars for the Childs wedding, instead of spending it on seminary† after seminary the girl iyh is ready to get married and the chatuna is a big expense, so seminary expense should be cut down. Another reason Mrs. Fink thinks a girl should stay home, Shabbat placing. Although seminaries make sure you have a place for Shabbat, it’s not always that homey atmosphere a child needs. Girls are sent to random families they don’t know, how can parents let such? It’s hard for some girl not to be in their own home, in the atmosphere they are used to for Shabbat. One of my cousins, Leora, went to BYA maalot here in Brooklyn, NY. â€Å"Main reason why people go to seminary is to grow, and they think that can only happen in Israel, but here I am proving them wrong† She grew tremendously, great hashgafa and great teachers. She met a lot of new girls and built real true friendships with them. â€Å"All my friends went to 9sreal, I felt left out at first but after gaining so much I realized how lucky I am to attend seminary near home†. She said it was really convenient instead of sleeping in a dirty dorm room she was able to sleep in her own house and bed and even go to seminary!!!! Some girls think they won’t grow by staying in Brooklyn. It’s because our schools aren’t discussing and bringing girls in whom had great and meaningful experiences here. â€Å"I wish I was able to repeat seminary in Brooklyn again† Leora is already 2 years out of seminary and still values every moment of her attendance to BYA m aalot. Marlene, a friend of mine whom also stayed in Brooklyn agrees with my cousin Leora. She attended Machon in Boro Park. â€Å"The teachers were role models, their hashgafa was amazing, I wanted to grow and gain some more torah knowledge before entering the next stage in my life, and yet I did.† Marlene fell into peer pressure and did apply to seminary in Israel. Her sister veevee, who went to Israel a couple years before convinced her not to go. Veevee went for the wrong reasons, peer pressure. She saw what it was like and returned home after a couple of months and attended seminary in Boro Park mid November. She didn’t feel the obligation to be in Israel when she was able to be home and gain the same thing. Therefore she told Marlene the truth that it’s a fashion statement to go to Israel. â€Å"You want to grow, you can even grow in Brooklyn, and it doesn’t say in the torah that growing only works in Israel†. I strongly agree with this, it’s something important that should be taken into concern. A downside about Israel seminary from my point of view is brain wash. I see it with my own eyes, m=when my friends come back from seminary in Israel they are totally different. The ones that become frumer are brainwashed for six months then they’re back to themselves how they were before leaving to seminary. I see this with all my friends that went to seminary and grew for the better. It stops the girls from dating right away, they have to wait till that â€Å"brainwash† is washed away, or else this can be dangerous. As opposed to the ones that stayed in Brooklyn, I’ve never came across such incidents. Some girls do need Israel. Some girls need the experience for the right reason. It’s a big decision that needs a lot of thought out in to it. Parents and schools should put Brooklyn seminaries on their list too and set aside time to look into it. No question there are many people whom go to Israel to study but thank god we are blessed to have fine seminaries here in Brooklyn, NY that a girl can grow spiritually and gain similar benefits. In my opinion this whole Israel â€Å"business† is a trend and everyone feels the need t o stay in fashion and be in style. The fact that schools aren’t focusing on Brooklyn seminaries it makes this concept a tougher decision then it really should be.

To Kill Mockingbird Symbolism Essay

To Kill Mockingbird Symbolism Essay To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, symbolism is used to show the innocence of the children and the innocence of some people. There are a few main children in this story. The main characters are, Jean Louise Scout Finch, Jeremy Atticus, Jem Finch, Charles Baker Dill Harris, Boo Radley and Tom Robinson. Boo symbolizes innocence even though he isnt a child anymore. The mockingbird also symbolizes innocence. The mockingbird shows symbolism because the mockingbird is innocent and all they do is sing beautiful songs. Killing a mockingbird is a sin. A mockingbird in To Kill a Mockingbird isnt an actual bird, it represents innocent, nice, only could do good, easy target to people in the Book. Like Tom Robinson or Boo Radley. The mockingbird symbolizes underprivileged black people. They are innocent and never would harm anyone just like the mockingbird. Boo Radley is also innocent and would never harm anyone therefore the mockingbird also symbolizes him. Boo Radley never comes out because he does not want to face the prejudice and corrupt world. A mockingbird is a harmless bird that makes the world more pleasant. The mockingbird symbolizes Boo Radley and Tom Robinson who were both peaceful people who never did any harm. To kill or harm them would be a sin. Atticus tells Scout and Jem: id rather you shoot at tin cans in the backyard but I know youll go after birds. Shoot all the blue jays you want if you hit em but remember its a sin to kill a mockingbird The mockingbird symbolizes these two characters because it does not have it own song. The blue jay is loud and obnoxious the mockingbird only sings other birds songs. Therefore the mockingbird is seen through the other birds. The people of Maycomb only knew Boo Radley and Tom Robinson by what others said about them. both of these characters do not really have their own song in a sense and therefore are characterized bu other people view points. When Atticus tells Jem and Scout that it is a sin to kill the mockingbird, this refers to the actions directed toward Tom and Boo. It was a sin to dislike Tom and Boo bases on what others say about them. they were punished by the people in Maycomb because they did not have their own voice. There are many people without their own voice in society. As it is a sin to kill these without a voice. The symbolism reveals the prejudice and narrow mindedness of the citizens of Maycomb county their fears and the immoral things they do. The mockingbird ha s a very deep and peaceful meaning in the novel. It represents peacefulness, innocence and kindness. Characters such as Boo Radley can be compared to the mockingbird. Tom Robinson can also be compared to the mockingbird. In conclusion, the mockingbird represents peace, innocence and kindness. Boo Radley went through his life never wanting to hurt a fly. He left gum, pennies, and wax dolls for Scout and Jem. He sewed Jems pants and left them easily. He also saved Scouts and Jems lives while risking his own. Boo was a fragile and gentle person. Throughout the novel, Scout, Jem, and Dill are curious about the mysterious Boo Radley because he never comes outside from his house or associated with anyone in the neighborhood. The children are afraid of him because of all the stories they hear about him from the people in maycomb. For example, Miss Stephanie tells the children that while Boo was sitting in the living room cutting a magazine he drove the scissors into his parents leg, pulled them out, wiped the on his pants, and resumed his activities After hearing stories like these the children consider him to be evil. The kids assume more about Boo because he never plays outside or with anyone and therefore the children are not convinced otherwise. Boo becomes a game and they act out Boo Radley scenarios that they believed to be true. These stories were based on gossip that goes through their neighborhood. Boo Radley can be compared to the mockingbird in the title of the novel. It is made clear in ch.10 when Atticus and Miss Maudie explain that you should never kill a mockingbird because all it does is sing beautiful songs and never hurts anyone and keeps to himself. Yet the title is To Kill a Mockingbird and the townsfolk kill Boo Radley because he is shy and does not come out of his house. He was a kind person, yet he was persecuted by society for being shy and not coming out of his house. The grey ghost is another symbol for Boo Radley whose face was as white as his hands and his grey eyes were so colorless a description fit ting to one of a ghost. At the end of the Book, Scout finally meets Boo Radley after he helps her and Jem escape Mr. Ewell. She finds that her beliefs about him are not true. She finds the songs that the neighbors were putting into his mouth were not true. In the end, Scout says that it would be wrong to put Boo Radley on trial for killing Bob Ewell because he did it in order to protect her and Jem. Scout sees that things look the same from Boo Radleys porch as they do from hers. therefore Boo Radley is a perfect example of a mockingbird and the situation he is in is a pefect example of the title of the Book. Chopping wood and doing whatever he could for Mayella Ewell was Tom Robinsons only crime. Just like Boo Radley Tom never harmed a soul. He risked his own safety by helping Mayella and he did it because someone needed him. It was like a mockingbird being shot down when Robinson was accused of raping Mayella. To the people of Maycomb county, Tom is just a sorry negro, who committed an unthinkable crime. Tom represents the black race in American society at that time and was a victim of racism. Like Boo Redleye, Tom Robinson is characterized by what the people see him as an evil beast. During the trial while bob Ewell testifies, he points to Tom Robinson and says I seen that black begro yonder rutting on my Mayella according to Mr. Ewell, Tom Robinson is an animal who tormented and violated his daughter. Throughout the trial, Tom is portrayed in his manner because of the racist neutrality of the people in Maycomb. Even though there is a sufficient amount of proof which shows he did not commit the crime, Tom is a black man who will be denied justice, Atticus reinforces this idea when he tells Jem in our courts, when its a white mans word against a black mans. the white man always wins Generally this was the mentality of most Americans at the time. Black people did not have their own song, other people sang their song their songs based on beliefs about them. like Boo Radley people only knew Tom Robinson through what others said about him. Boo is the outcast of the neighborhood, but at the time, Tom Robinson was the outcast of the society. Throughout the trial, Scout and Jem believe in Tom Robinsons innocence. They see him for who they believe he is, and do not know enough about racism to be part of it. they did not believe the trial was fair because they believed there was evidence in Tom Robinsons favor. Tom Robinson is another character who can be compared with the mockingbird. He was a genuinely kind person who in the end is destroyed by his willingness to help mayella ewell. Just like a mockingbird, Robinson never hurt anyone. Yet, he was also persecuted by society for his kindness and his race. Tom Robinson is a mockingbird figure in the Book. In the end, mr underwood also compares a harmless songbird that was shot down by a senseless hunter. At the end of the Book, hoever Scout realizes the same about Boo Radley. When she finally meets him, she sees how unfair she had been with him. Boo contradicts everything that the chidren believed about him. The fact that no one realized the unfair treatment of Tom Robinson made his death that much more tragic. Tom Robinson was killed because of his kindness and the color of his skin. Another person who shows symbolism Is Atticus Finch. Atticus Finch shows symbolism because he is seen as a hero when he kills the rabid dog. Jem and Scout did not know their father was such a godo shoorter and they were very surprised to see him shooting. with movements so swift they seemed simultaneous. Atticuss hand yanked a bolt tipped lever as he brought the gun to his shoulder. The rifle cracked. Tim Johnson leaped, flopped over and crumbled on the sidewalk In a brown and white heap. He did know to hit him Atticus is a father in that he shows love to his children. Atticus always tells his children shooting a mockingbird is a sin because they dont do any harm. They are innocent creatures that make music. Atticus is a lawyer, he is a faithful servent of justice for all people, black or white. His wisdom lies not in his education but in the way he raises his children and his knowledge of peoples attitude. Atticus showed his courage when he accepted the Tom Robinson case even though he knew before hand that it was a lost battle. He advises Scout and Jem not to get carried away by peoples provocation and sets the example when he does not react to bob ewells threats. Atticus is the only one who refers to peoples prejudice as disease. He accepts the Robinson case in an effort to fight against that, even though he is sure to fail. Atticus is the only lawyer in maycomb that would represent a blackman. Atticus is seen as a hero for he kills racism and prejudice, not allowing it to spread any further. In a conversation with his brother. Jack bout the coming trial and how to get Jem and Scout through it without bitterness and most of all, without catching maycombs usual disease Atticus is a hero model to the community. Attius Finch, as well as his two children, who follow in his footsteps. A place that shows symbolism would be the tree outside the Radley hosue. Another place and object that shows symbolism is the snowman, the fire in miss maudie atkinsons house, are examples of symbolism. The snowman that Jem and Scout made infront of miss maudie atkinsons hosue one winter was an example of symbolism. There was not enough snow for the snowman so Jem used dirt for the foundation and then covered It with the snow that they did have. The snowman is symbolic in that Jem is trying to cover up the black man and showing that he is the same as the white man. The fire in miss maudie Atkinsons house shows symbolism in that it shows the prejudice of maycomb. The fire melted the snow from the snowman and left nothing but mud. The fire shows that blacks and whites are nothing alike. The fire and the snowman are not the only symbols of prejudice. Tim Johnson is another symbol of prejudice. Tim Johnson represents prejudice, and how, like a rabid dog, it spreads its disease throughout the town. The symbolism reveals the prejudice of the citizens of maycomb, the fears they have, and all of the dishonest things they do. It also reveals an attempt to get rid of these feeling in maycob by a hero to the community, Atticus Finch and his children who will follow in his footsteps. Symbolism is basically what the Book is about. If this book did not have any type of symbolism it wouldnt be complete.

The Rainmaker Essay -- essays research papers

The Rainmaker   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Enticing readers and basically giving people something good to read, John Grisham is an established star in literature. What makes his books so great is that they are so realistic. He applies his personal law and trial knowledge into the books he writes. Put together with creative story telling, his makes his novels hard to put down.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Rainmaker starts with the last semester of law school for Rudy Baylor. He was assigned to give free advice to a group of seniors. It is at that very time, and that very place, that Rudy encounters his first and most important clients, Dot and Buddy Black. A powerful insurance company with millions of dollars has apparently swindled them. They have caused the suffering and inevitable death of a young man, Dot and Buddy's son. The coverage that was obliged was not issued, and Donny Ray, stricken by Leukemia, therefore lost his chance to live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This case plays out for a matter of months, while the broke Rudy Baylor rents a room from one of his clients, a Mrs. Birdy Birdsong. He is also forced to work for a felonious lawyer when the firm he was going to be initiated into merges with a larger one. Eventually, he goes to head with one of America's most experienced and accomplished defense attorneys.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the beginning of the novel to the last word, Rudy is plagued with a series of mishaps and problems. When somet...

The financial and economic system of Georgia

Since the 1990s, Georgia as practically all of the post-communist states started its ain way of economic reforms. Unlike the other states, nevertheless, the procedure turned particularly hard for Georgia because of economic – and more significantly – non economic factors such as 20 old ages of loyal and civil wars, an utmost rise in offense nation-wide, energy and conveyance encirclements and a revolution. It was constructing both an independent economic system and an independent province at the same clip. Through this background, it is natural that the chance of right execution of economic reforms was rather low, particularly when none of the states in the universe had the relevant experience. Previously, the Constitution of Georgia stated that the state was constructing a â€Å" societal market economic system † , but since 2003, Georgia ‘s economic reforms have become significantly â€Å" aggressive † and today the economic reforms are based upon broad and libertarian political orientations. Georgia achieved high rates of economic growing during last old ages although the Russian-Georgian war – and particularly, the planetary fiscal crisis – has caused a crisp diminution in the growing rates whilst the job of economic stabilisation and farther growing still persists.3.1. The Course of Economic Reforms of GeorgiaFrom Independence to the Rose Revolution After declaring its independency Georgia has launched the building of its province ; Georgian governments officially acknowledged that the execution of economic reforms would get down. Unfortunately nevertheless, neither the professional experience, nor the local environment provided the chance for implementing the economic reforms. The first old ages of economic reforms had tragic effects for Georgia. The putsch of 1991-92 together with economic and political encirclements, a deficiency of relevant professional staff, high corruptness, a serious condemnable state of affairs and populist motions badly hampered the execution of a consistent and stable policy of economic reforms. Georgia at the same time started fiscal stabilisation, monetary value liberalisation and the decrease of budget shortage, the execution of a rigorous recognition policy every bit good as an debut of a moderate revenue enhancement system and the decrease of province outgos. However, several of import factors were non taken into consideration. Government in general, did n't hold existent macroeconomic tools and its ain pecuniary system or existent levers to implement a tax-budgetary policy ; and alternatively of set uping such tools it started to implement new political relations without any due readying. Because of the above mentioned grounds together with belligerencies, conveyance, economic and energy encirclements, it had no important consequence in the state ‘s development. And since Georgia had no currency of its ain and, severally, no emitter, it would hold failed to take steps necessary for reforms. Neither its single experience nor its fiscal province enabled Georgia to transport out these procedures independently, therefore it applied to international fiscal organisations for aid ; in peculiar, to the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) and the World Bank ( WB ) , which mostly contributed to state ‘s policy formation. As a consequence, the province started to believe over a limitation of the monopolizer activities, although merely managed to set the anti-monopolist statute law into force several old ages subsequently. Despite the aid of international organisations, Georgia have failed to implement an effectual pecuniary policy as despite the â€Å" Cold War † with Russia during that period ( which in 2008 exploded into existent belligerencies every bit good as suspending diplomatic and other dealingss between these two states ) , it was still the dominant power for the economic system. Money supply in Georgia depended on Russia ‘s cardinal bank and, hence, one of the cardinal levers of the state ‘s economic development remained in its custodies ( Papava, 1996 ) . Although the Georgian Government was occupied with faulting Russia for its ain jobs – and such acquisitions were frequently really just – it did non anticipate that it would be unable to have currency notes from Moscow. And when eventually Russian governments suspended money supplies to Georgia in April 1993, the Georgian governments were forced to set the voucher of the National Bank of Georgia, as a impe rmanent currency note into circulation. The voucher was put into circulation as a representative of Russian ruble and was declared as the lone legal payment instrument, after Russia withdraw the disintegrated Soviet Union ‘s rouble from circulation in July-August 1993. Coupon shortly failed to execute its pecuniary maps, as its uncontrolled recognition emanation caused hyperinflation processes. The graduated tables of utilizing the Russian ruble were increasing whilst the USD besides started to increase in Georgia under conditions of a rapid lessening in the buying power of the rouble. In fact, the voucher was merely suited for paying subway menus and purchasing rationed staff of life. In 1994 a new phase of economic reforms was followed by regenerating the cooperation with international fiscal organisations together with acceptance of the anti-crisis plan. A certain success was achieved at the really get downing. The international fiscal organisations actively began to help the Georgian governments in the successful execution of the post-communist transmutation ( Papava, 2002 ) . From spring 1994, uncontrolled recognition emanation was ruled out and in fall 1994, the National Bank of Georgia abolished the limitations on taking hard currency from Bankss. As a consequence, hard currency and non hard currency money were drawn much closer. In September 1994, the monetary values on gas and electricity increased up to an international degree, while the monetary value of staff of life increased by 285 times. The metro menu besides increased significantly. The wages of public functionaries and pensions besides increased although the rate of their growing meaningly dragged behind the growing rates. These developments were followed by a important strengthening of the Georgian voucher rate. If before the addition in the monetary value of bread one dollar was equal to 5.3 million vouchers, after the addition one dollar equaled 2.4 million vouchers. This procedure continued. By the terminal of 1994, the monetary value of staff of life increased by 40 per centum which was the consequence of more stabilising the voucher rate, when one dollar was equal to 1.3 million vouchers and with this rate maintained until the terminal of its being. The procedure of the simplification of the bing licensing mechanism began from January 1995, when the quota system was abolished whilst licensing was maintained merely on little scope of merchandises. This promoted the constitution of a broad trade policy and the restriction of a corrupted environment. Together with this, it laid for the constitution of existent market dealingss in which come ining or go forthing the markets no longer depended upon any functionary. The procedure of â€Å" vaucherisation † was launched in Georgia in 1995. This can be considered as a traditional measure in the denationalization procedure which has been carried out in many post-communist states. This procedure played a farther negative function in respects to economic resurgence. Fabrication and production was non transferred to those who would be able to present and supply for the betterment of technological procedures in industry and stimulate production. Alternatively, workss and mills were given to those who were non able to pull investings for seting them into operation. Important stairss have taken towards the formation of independent economic system in Georgia in 1995. A legal model relevant to market economic rules was created, a two-tier banking system, revenue enhancement and imposts services were established ; fiscal stabilisation was achieved and eventually the national currency was introduced ; order and subject were restored, the procedure of â€Å" little denationalization † was fundamentally completed and monetary values, trade and foreign economic dealingss were liberalized. These led to the creative activity of a concern environment – finally necessary for advancing the development of entrepreneurship in Georgia – which in bend, provided farther accelerated development of the state ‘s economic system. The successful execution of pecuniary and financial reforms started with presenting Georgian national currency – the lari – in September 1995. The lari was introduced with a fixed exchange rate of 1 lari equal to 1 million vouchers, as 1 USD equal to 1.3 lari. The pecuniary reform did non reiterate the same errors as in the period of vouchers. No arrogation step was used during the reform which promoted assurance edifice amongst the people the lari gained its foothold really quickly. A month after presenting the national currency, the lari ‘s rate increased at the Tbilisi Interbank Currency Exchange from 1.3 to 1.25 against the USD. As a consequence of a flexible policy, Georgia managed to get the better of the multi-rate pattern and completed currency rate fusion. Unfortunately, 1998 was marked with certain holds in the procedure of the execution of economic reforms which reduced economic growing rates and resulted in the start of a period of stagnancy for the Georgian economic system. However, the 2003 Rose Revolution brought an terminal to this period with economic procedures, including reforms, get downing to develop really rapidly. Economic Reforms after the Rose Revolution From the beginning of 2004 Georgia had been set uping the institutional base for market economic system ordinance which was similar to those in other European provinces. Georgia has experienced extremist economic reforms which were often expressed by the abolishing of ordinance mechanisms by the province. Several province bureaus were abolished in 2004, including the Road Fund, The Ministry of Communication, Transport and Post ; the Ministry of Urbanization and Construction ; the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Foreign Economic Relations ; the Ministry of State Property Management ; the Service for Food Expertise and Monitoring ; the Service for Plant Protection, Livestock Pedigree Department of Georgia ; Precious Stones and Metals Department ; the State employment Service, Food Safety Inspection ; Phyto-Sanitary Control and the Transport Regulatory Commission, amongst others. Simultaneously, building processs were besides significantly simplified. The list of those activities which re quired licensing in Georgia besides decreased significantly from 900 activities to merely 114. Size and weight control, licence and license on veterinary activity every bit good as licence on production and trade in pesticides were abolished. An analysis of the structural alterations which were carried out in Georgia during last seven old ages shows that the end of these alterations has been full economic deregulating. A expression through the history of the development of independent Georgia ‘s economic establishments shows that National Bank of Georgia has been one of the most successful regulative establishments. The fact, that Georgia has a national currency, which maintains its places, and that the Georgian banking system has managed to get the better of a great trade of troubles is one of the virtues of the National Bank. It is highly of import to further open up the state ‘s economic policy so that investors are willing to put in Georgia. Those enterprises, which were unveiled by the President of Georgia last October, are efforts to develop events in this way.Analysis of Macroeconomic IndexsBefore the decomposition of the Soviet Union, Georgia had one of the highest criterions of life. Later, in 1990, the economic state of affairs significantly worsened. Georgian economic system had a 21.9 per centum diminution in 1991as compared to 1990. The procedure of decomposition of the Soviet Union continued in 1992, accompanied by the most serious socio-economic, condemnable internal political and other negative developments in Georgia. As a consequence the existent GDP farther decreased by 44.9 per centum as compared to 1991 and amounted to 43.47 per centum as compared to 1990. It should besides be noted that the procedure of economic diminution became irreversible from 1989. The state of affairs did n on alteration in 1993 when Georgia passed through an highly hard period of armed struggle in Abkhazia, a conveyance encirclement, the uncontrolled emanation of vouchers, hyperinflation and a farther diminution of GDP by 29.3 per centum. Finally, the GDP amounted to merely 30.73 per centum as compared to 1990. In 1990, the degree of employment reached 100 per centum in Georgia. In 1991, the official figure of unemployed was 3,500, it increased 32 times and amounted 113,000 individuals in 1992 and rose farther by 60 per centum and amounted to 180,000 individuals in 1993. Harmonizing to the current functionary informations, there are 330,000 unemployed individuals in Georgia. Harmonizing to the same official statistical informations, the rising prices rate exceeded 7,840 % in 1994, while after a 3.5 fold lessening in GDP during 1989-1993 it decreased by 10.4 per centum once more and equaled to a backward diminution by 25-30 old ages. In 1995, farther production outgo was stopped and GDP was achieved to increase by 2.6 per centum. And what is more of import, from 7,841 per centum rising prices, as it was in 1994, in 1995 it amounted 157.4 per centum merely. Particularly high rates of development is socio-economic domain was achieved in 1996-1997, when GDP increased about by 24 per centum. More convincing consequences were achieved during 1996-1997 sing rising prices, whose parametric quantities significantly determine the cardinal consequences of a state ‘s economic development. In peculiar, the rate of rising prices was 13.5 per centum in 1996 and 7.3 per centum in 1997 which was 1.1 per centum and 0.6 per centum per month, severally. All of these had a positive consequence upon set uping a favourable economic environment for concern development.Table 1. Key Macroeconomic Parameters19961997199819992000200120022003GDP at Market Prices ( million GEL )3 868,54 554,95 022,15 668,76 043,16 674,07 456,08 564,1GDP per capita ( GEL )827,6999,21 114,81 268,21 362,51 516,31 705,61 972,1GDP per capita ( USD )655,6770,2800,7629,6689,7731,8777,3919,0GDP million USD3 064,63 510,73 606,92 814,13 059,13 221,03 397,83 990,8Exchange rate ( GEL USD )1,26231,29741,39242,01441,97552,07202,19442,1459Economic Growth110,5103,1102,9101,8104,8105,5111,1GDP deflator 106,5 106,9 109,6 104,6 105,3 106,0 103,3200420052006200720082009GDP at Market Prices ( million GEL )9 824,311 620,913 789,916 993,819 074,917 948,6GDP per capita ( GEL )2 276,72 689,13 133,13 866,94 352,94 092,8GDP per capita ( USD )1 187,61 483,51 763,52 314,62 921,12 450,1GDP million USD5 124,76 411,07 761,710 171,912 800,510 744,7Exchange rate ( GEL USD )1,91701,81271,77671,67071,49021,6705Economic Growth105,9109,6109,4112,3102,396,1GDP deflator 108,1 107,9 108,5 109,7 109,7 98,0 State Debt of Georgia ( million GEL ) 4,155.5 3,509.0 2,954.2 3,015.3 4,407.4 5,927.4 Beginning: National Statistics Office of Georgia In 1998-2002, the rates of economic growing decreased to an mean 2 per centum per twelvemonth. However, despite the most hard state of affairs, in 2003, the economic growing rate exceeded 10 per centum. In the undermentioned old ages, if we do non see the period 2008-2009, the economic growing rates were highly high. As a consequence of the Russian aggression in August 2008, the state ‘s economic system still increased by 1.9 per centum, but the undermentioned twelvemonth – 2009 was distinguished by the economic lessening of 3.9 per centum for the first clip since 1995. It should be noted that province and private givers pledged 4.5 billion USD by which significantly reduced the extent of the economic recession.4Chart 1. Dynamicss of Key Macroeconomic ParametersBeginning: National Statistics Office of Georgia Monetary values were more or less stable from 1995. As for the exchange rate, if before 1995 the voucher exchange rate was equal to 1 USD against 5.3 million vouchers, the lari has been characterized with a important stableness. The inclination of the addition in its rate was seen in 2004, although the exchange rate started to fall once more from 2007.Table 2. Exchange RatessUSD/GELEUR/GELRUB/GELEnd of period Middle of period End of period Middle of period End of period Middle of period20012,0600 2,0720 1,8188 1,8573 0,0683 0,071020022,0900 2,1944 2,1763 2,0735 0,0658 0,070020032,0750 2,1459 2,5920 2,4237 0,0704 0,070020041,8250 1,9170 2,4850 2,3813 0,0658 0,066520051,7925 1,8127 2,1245 2,2600 0,0623 0,064120061,7150 1,7767 2,2545 2,2290 0,0651 0,065420071,5916 1,6707 2,3315 2,2859 0,0649 0,065320081,6670 1,4902 2,3648 2,1886 0,0567 0,060120091,6858 1,6705 2,4195 2,3307 0,0557 0,0529 Beginning: National Statistics Office of Georgia Despite theGrowth and External PerformanceEconomic recovery is acquiring stronger, with existent GDP growing of 6.6 per centum in the first half of 2010. This follows a contraction of 3.9 per centum in 2009 because of the dazes of the August 2008 struggle and the planetary economic crisis. Real economic activity is deriving strength in 2010, with growing in exports, worker remittals, existent estate minutess, building licenses and vehicle enrollments. Compared with the last twelvemonth, VAT turnover increased by 7 per centum and amounted 27 per centum. During the first half of 2010 exports were up to 40 per centum while imports amounted merely 12 per centum. At the same period private investings have benefited from a pickup in bank landing, while FDI influxs are still below pre crisis degrees, but betterments are expected. The economic system is predicted to turn by 4-5 per centum during 2011-2013, where growing is expected to come from higher exports and private investing supported by a pickup in bank loaning. Exports will be chiefly with metal merchandises, vinos, fruits and nuts, besides repaired and re-exported autos and expected to play a cardinal function in its recovery – from 29.8 per centum of GDP in 2009 to 38 per centum during 2011-2013 ; As for the services side conveyance and touristry will besides play a important function ( World Bank, 2010 ) .4. Finance and the Role of BankingIn Georgia fiscal system is chiefly based on the banking sector, which is reflected with the mobilisation of the fundss and their forma tion into investing beginnings by agencies of the banking establishments. Harmonizing to this, banking system plays an of import function in increasing the gait of Georgian economic system. The Bankss operate in conformity with modern market theoretical account in every regard. An active engagement of the Georgian Bankss helps the little and average sized concern development in the state. Georgia have done lost of success in developing its fiscal sector during last old ages after its independency, nevertheless external factors have hampered states development to some extent late, which reflected on Georgia ‘s economic system and accordingly on its fiscal sector. Nowadays, positive alterations are being implemented which gives us the possibility to assume, that the fiscal system will farther develop and advance county ‘s economic development.Development of the Financial System in GeorgiaFor the last 10 old ages, the fiscal system of Georgia has experienced important alterations. After declaring its independency, really from zero, began creative activity of fiscal substructure. The National Bank of Georgia ( NBG ) has been created ; the national currency – Georgian Lari ( GEL ) has been issued ; the commercial Bankss have been certified ( At the same clip the figure of Bankss was decreased 10 times ) . Except banking system, the fiscal system includes other fiscal establishments. In 2010 in Georgia 19 Commercial Bankss operated, from which 16 are runing with the foreign capital engagement. As for non-banking depositary establishments, there are 47 microfinance organisations ( MFO ) , 18 recognition brotherhoods ; 1,334 exchange agency ; 24 money remittal service suppliers ; 16 insurance companies ; 6 pension financess and 1 stock exchange. Among these fiscal establishments most profitable and of import for fiscal sector is the banking system.Banking in GeorgiaIn order to make the conditions for the right operation of the banking sector NBG cares about the execution of demands set by the Euro directives and Basel rules. Besides, for the straight-forward development of the banking sector, the changeless betterment of the different hazards administration mechanisms by the market participants – commercial Bankss is besides indispensable. As a whole, the present state of affairs provides maximal chances for implementing new ba nking merchandises. Banking system, sing its gait of development and inclinations, could be regarded as dynamically developing system. Compared to other sections of fiscal sector of Georgian economic system, the banking system is instead more developed. Nowadays, recognition is allocated on market footings, and the authorities does non have commercial Banks. Hence, the competition in banking domain is strong plenty. Banks try to offer as big spectrum of services as possible. The fiscal system is get downing to mend. Refer about systematic hazard has been diminished. And overall loaning conditions have started to better. We have already seen a significant sum of accommodation in our fiscal system. Leverage has declined. Banks are funding themselves more cautiously. These are necessary alterations, and there is more reconstituting in front for the fiscal sector as a whole. But a significant portion of the accommodation procedure is now behind us. Fiscal establishments constitute an of import portion of Georgian economic system.AbbreviationsNBG the National Bank of Georgia GEL Georgian Lari MFO Microfinance Organizations VAT Value Added Tax FDI Foreign Direct Investment IMF International Monetary Fund WB World Bank

Efficient Cars Essays

Efficient Cars Essays Efficient Cars Essay Efficient Cars Essay In 1896, the first powered gas vehicle was invented. Now well over a hundred years later newly invented vehicles are available to purchase including more efficient vehicles running off of electric power. However, with gas prices constantly on the rise and an economy on a down spiral, it seems that people want a more efficient vehicle to use. Many are choosing to switch to a more efficient vehicle to save money during a difficult economy. Others believe in just the opposite. They believe there is no such thing as a more efficient vehicle and in fact if there is, it does nothing to support the environment. With different parties disagreeing this has sparked a worldwide debate over one simple question, Should cars be more efficient This document will break down the pros and cons of this debatable question and how each one plays a certain part in todayâ„ ¢s environmental issues. First to be discussed are the pros many see with vehicles becoming more efficient. Are these vehicles developed to better the environment and economy One way to look at this situation is that one does not need to spend an endless amount of money on galloons of gas to fill up their gas tanks. Once again the price of gas per galloon is on the rise reaching up to $4.00 per galloon in some states or even more. Improved vehicle efficiency could reduce oil demand and decrease our dependence on foreign oil sources (Turk Bensel, 2011). Since a majority of the United Statesâ„ ¢ oil comes from overseas creating more efficient vehicles will lower the cost of oil the United States will need and in the end saving money and improving the environment.

Writing a Dissertation Proposal

Writing a Dissertation Proposal Dissertation writing is an exhaustive academic experience, the successful completion of which demonstrates the candidates ability to address a major intellectual problem and arrive at an independent, successful conclusion at a high level of professional competence. What Is a Dissertation Proposal? Any student required to submit a dissertation (a lengthy, formal treatise – especially one written by a candidate for a doctoral degree at a university) will more than likely be required to submit first a dissertation proposal. And even if the student is not required first to write a dissertation proposal, drafting one will be a very useful practice for him when aiming to complete a dissertation in the future. A dissertation proposal is basically an abstract to the  dissertation,  which provides an organized, concise plan for completing it. DISSERTATION WRITING The purpose of the dissertation proposal is to convince a committee, or a group of academic advisors who would ultimately be awarding the student the degree, whether doctoral or graduate, that there is a legitimate question worth pursuing and that the student is in a position to succeed in pursuing it. Proposals of this kind demonstrate that the student has identified an interesting research question, can objectively, concisely and thoroughly explain the importance of the question to just about anyone not familiar with the topic, and has a detailed plan for testing their hypotheses. A proposal includes what one’s dissertation is, most importantly, about, as well as what specific questions are being examined in the academic treatise. They embody previously published thoughts and studies on the topic, the research methods the student will attempt to incorporate, whether empirical or non-empirical and, lastly, the potential outcomes of the study. A Checklist Comprising a Dissertation Proposal Dissertation title Of course, the student will, often after conducting research and observing  developments in the analysis of their subject’s problem, be forced to alter the wording  of their title. The title should also be kept generally short in nature and to the point. Objectives Focus on three strong objectives, or what exactly the student aims to accomplish, to keep from the scope of the dissertation and its accompanying research from being entirely too broad. Literature, context, and background This means the inclusion of all schools of thought, domains of practice, and areas of study that will ultimately be incorporated into the dissertation. Research details In this portion of the proposal, expand on the ideas expressed in the research  question, or the overarching question – or problem, or topic – being solved, addressed and evaluated. Methodologies   Here, the students share the system of methods they plan to implement into their dissertation. Methodologies should either be empirical (which is based on or concerned with, or verifiable, by observation and/or experience rather than theory or pure logic – and are usually a study or collection of data, such as questionnaires) or non-empirical (with research coming from already published writings and projects). Potential outcomes In this part of the dissertation proposal, the students should summarize the type of outcomes they hope to generate. If the outcomes were indeed obvious from the start, there would be no need for – and certainly no approval from the student’s professors and advisors alike – a dissertation in the first place. Timeline Students may be asked to include a realistic, thorough outline of how they plan to conduct and manage research. Adding a timeline helps to convince an academic committee that the students working to have their dissertation accepted for academic credit are prepared to undergo the rigorous process of completing – and actually having accepted – their dissertation. Bibliography Most dissertation proposals (as well the dissertations themselves) will require a list of references used throughout the project. DISSERTATION WRITING SERVICE If you find the process of writing a dissertation proposal difficult or if you have no time for that, feel free to contact our friendly support team for assistance or place an order and we will gladly help you.

Free Essays on To The Lighthouse

A lighthouse is a structure that warns and navigates ships at night as they near land, creating specific signals for guidance. In Virginia Woolf’s To The Lighthouse, the Lighthouse stands a monument to motivation for completion of long-term goals. Every character’s goals guides him or her through life, and the way that each person sees the world depends on goals they make. Some characters’ goals relate directly to the Lighthouse, others indirectly. Some goals abstractly relate to the Lighthouse. The omnipresent structure pours its guiding light over every character and every action. The spouses Ramsey have Shiva and Parvati-like roles in life, and their goals correspond to these roles. Mr. Ramsey differs in that he separates unconscious goals from conscious goals. Subconsciously, Mr. Ramsey manifests the character of destruction. His role is necessary to the well being of the family; though he seems at times to suck life from others with his bitter pessimism, his role is as important as the role of his wife, the giver and the nurturer. Mr. Ramsey exists in order to balance his wife’s personality. His rage complements her love. Consciously, Mr. Ramsey aspires to intellectual enlightenment through his philosophizing. His attitude in traveling to the Lighthouse mirrors his attitude towards attaining this goal. Mr. Ramsey has no hope that he will be able to reach either, and almost gives up both before trying, shifting the blame from him to outside forces. The trip to the lighthouse was unattainable because of conditions that do not have to do with neither him nor the goal: the weather conditions were not easily sailable. Intellectual enlightenment will be unattainable because of conditions that do not have to do with either him or the goal, as well. â€Å"He would have written better books if he had not married (Woolf 69).† His marriage and children become the scapegoat for this goal not being attained. Mr. Ramsey makes excuses ... Free Essays on To The Lighthouse Free Essays on To The Lighthouse A lighthouse is a structure that warns and navigates ships at night as they near land, creating specific signals for guidance. In Virginia Woolf’s To The Lighthouse, the Lighthouse stands a monument to motivation for completion of long-term goals. Every character’s goals guides him or her through life, and the way that each person sees the world depends on goals they make. Some characters’ goals relate directly to the Lighthouse, others indirectly. Some goals abstractly relate to the Lighthouse. The omnipresent structure pours its guiding light over every character and every action. The spouses Ramsey have Shiva and Parvati-like roles in life, and their goals correspond to these roles. Mr. Ramsey differs in that he separates unconscious goals from conscious goals. Subconsciously, Mr. Ramsey manifests the character of destruction. His role is necessary to the well being of the family; though he seems at times to suck life from others with his bitter pessimism, his role is as important as the role of his wife, the giver and the nurturer. Mr. Ramsey exists in order to balance his wife’s personality. His rage complements her love. Consciously, Mr. Ramsey aspires to intellectual enlightenment through his philosophizing. His attitude in traveling to the Lighthouse mirrors his attitude towards attaining this goal. Mr. Ramsey has no hope that he will be able to reach either, and almost gives up both before trying, shifting the blame from him to outside forces. The trip to the lighthouse was unattainable because of conditions that do not have to do with neither him nor the goal: the weather conditions were not easily sailable. Intellectual enlightenment will be unattainable because of conditions that do not have to do with either him or the goal, as well. â€Å"He would have written better books if he had not married (Woolf 69).† His marriage and children become the scapegoat for this goal not being attained. Mr. Ramsey makes excuses ...

CORE Questions and Answers like Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CORE Questions and Answers like - Essay Example His theory does not negotiate neither on the argument based the reach to the need nor on the level of compromising ones’ luxury towards a social cause. Even though, Singer’s theory does not precisely define the level of sacrifice one should do to equate against ones social responsibility. In the context of ‘The Truth about Fortune’, it is very easy to take a utilitarian support as the emphasis here is on the cause of the security of the society, no matter the methodology undertaken to achieve it. Breach of laws and regulations on torture of prisoners are justified here on the utilitarian grounds that this is at times the only solution towards the social cause. The cases as ‘the ticking bomb’ and the ‘slower-fuse high-level terrorist’ are left with no other option than to go on with extreme torture levels. However this theory also does not precisely define the level determining the need of taking the extreme steps. However the second context is much easy to be pursued by a utilitarian as this practically does only affect him in the utility level and not in the implementation level. The surprise in the Singer’s theory thus well goes with his thesis. Peter Singer is an Australian Philosopher who specializes in practical ethics, approaching ethical issues from a utilitarian perspective. His work ‘Famine, Affluence, and Morality’ was published in the revised edition of Philosophy and Public Affairs in 1972. In this essay, the author through the perceptive of the Bengal famine in 1971 tries to evolve the theory that helping the ones in need is more the fellow human’s duty than a charity. Moral attitudes are to be shaped by the needs of the society and he reckons the need of people within the society who would observe the rules that make the social existence tolerable. As of his thesis, the moral point of view requires us to look beyond the

Antimicrobial Agents in Microbiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Antimicrobial Agents in Microbiology - Essay Example Usually sterilization is attained through physical agents such as heat, radiation, etc.; however, few chemical agents are also employed to destroy spores. These are known as sterilants. Disinfection involves the utilization of a chemical agent usually referred as disinfectant or a physical process to demolish vegetative pathogens except bacterial endospores. These disinfectants are also mostly employed to kill microbes on the surface of inanimate objects as the concentrations employed to disinfect surfaces are very high and might be toxic to animal tissues. Disinfection processes also eliminate the destructive productions of microorganisms such as toxins from the surfaces. Examples include 5% bleach solution, immersion of thermometers in iodine solution and boiled food utensils (Talaro & Talaro, 1999, p. 358). Sepsis can be defined as the growth and development of microorganisms in living tissues such as blood. The asepsis thus refers to any particular practice that helps in preventing an infectious agent from entering into sterile tissues and cause infection. The commonly employed aseptic techniques include sterilization methodologies that help in the exclusion of all microorganisms to antisepsis. Moreover antiseptics are chemical compounds that can be directly applied to skin surface as well as on mucous membranes, surgical incisions, and wounds to inhibit or destroy vegetative pathogens. Examples include the preparation of skin with iodine compounds before surgical incisions and utilization of a germicidal soap for washing hand. Decontamination involves limiting the microbial organisms to minimum to prevent spoilage and infection. These techniques are utilized in breweries, restaurants, food industries and dairies such as cleansing utensils with a sanitizer (either detergent or soap). Air sanitization is done in hospitals, laboratory installation and veterinary clinics using ultraviolet lamps (Shimeld & Rodgers, 1999, pp.77-79). Parasites either

Art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Art history - Essay Example Very little is known about the work or life of the painter. However, it is known that, during this time, the paintings were instrumental in both the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox churches. The painting was almost at the same time as the Madonna on the rocks by Leonardo Da Vinci and Titian Madonna of the house by Pesaro. These three paintings have the same composition of the virgin and the child (p. 204). The painting has several characters from the bible, the primary figures being the virgin and the child as the centerpiece. In this painting, the child (Christ) is borne on a litter that is decorated with rose petals which are red and white in color. This signifies a marriage between the church and Mary Ecclesia, the church and Christ himself. The litter on which the child sits is held up by two angels. This is an act in the painting is meant to create the hierarchy of the painting. Behind the image, there is a parapet which is white in color. Behind the parapet, John the Baptist and Jerome are reading a book. In the background, there is a rock which is surrounded by a river. This gives the painting a feeling of some movement. The background image also consists of several people praying. The background also shows a beautiful landscape with a lot of activities in the background (P, 216). In Madonna on the rocks, the painting shows a photo of the Virgin Mary, the child (Christ) and John the Baptist as an infant. In this piece, they are arranged in a triangular manner. The background has rocks but, has a distant landscape of water and mountains. In this painting, the Virgin Mary is the apex of the figure which forms the shape of a pyramid. The composition of this painting is almost similar to that of Madonna and Child with Saints and Angels. However, there are slight differences. This includes the Madonna and Child with Saints and Angels where the background is an open space while in the Madonna on the rocks the background is

Cross-Cultural Awareness Respond to question Essay - 1

Cross-Cultural Awareness Respond to question - Essay Example adership’ in their areas of expertise.  Both the leaderships of various organizations and the workforce having little influence anticipate free flow of information through participatory communication. At 80 China occupies a higher ranking on the PDI scale. The society believes that social and economic disparities amongst people are normal. The relationship between subordinates and their seniors seems to be ineffective and thus the society is prone to misuse of authority by the high and mighty. Individuals tend to honor formal leadership and orders and are usually upbeat about people’s competence for management initiatives. Chinese believe people should restrain their ambitions to their current position, especially in the corporate world. According to Adler (2008), individualism primarily connotes the level of interdependence amongst members of a society. It involves whether people refer to themselves individually or collectively. In an Individualist system, people are expected to look after themselves and their nearest and dearest only. Collectivist societies on the other hand witness people organize themselves in groups that fulfill their interests in exchange for allegiance. The United States scores 91 on this measure. This means the American culture is highly individualistic. Adler (2008) avers that the American culture is loosely-knit, and as a result people take care of themselves and those who are close to them. Americans have a high affinity to covering large distances and doing business with members of different cultures. In the corporate world, employees tend to be their own bosses, especially in their various capacities or areas of expertise. Good work eventually may earn them promotion. At 20, China is a highly communalist society where decisions are made by groups rather than individuals. In the group scenario, employee hiring and job promotions tend to be based on family and friendship ties.   Employees tend to be less committed to the

Human Research Precis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Research Precis - Coursework Example Notably, the physician must be certain that the treatment option that they recommend is best while still upholding the patient’s rights. If for instance a randomized clinical test is being conducted to compare treatment option A and B, and the physician openly prefers treatment option A, they must inform the patient about their preference but should not force them into buying into their preference. All physicians have an obligation to obtain their patients informed consent to treatment and can attain this by explaining to the patient the benefits and risks of the preferred alternative and alternative option and allow the patient to choose their preferred choice if that is possible. A reasonable alternative is to undertake treatment alternative A or allow the patient to participate in a randomized clinical test comparing the treatment options. Apparently, when a trial is available, enrollment in a haphazard clinical test is a superior therapeutic alternative. Respect for patient’s values is a central purpose of informed consent and physicians must consider it in delivering treatment. Marquis further notes that some patients might prefer participating in a randomized study that will positively contribute to medical progress and development or discovery of aspects that will improve the health of patients in future rather than simply following the unfounded recommendations of physicians. Noteworthy, a physician can recommend a treatment as well as ask the patient whether they are willing to partake a randomized clinical test just to ensure that their consent freely expressed. What’s more, an opportunity to contribute in randomized clinical trials is ethically permissible and morally obligatory. The dilemma of whether to involve patients in randomized clinical tests can be resolved by taking informed consent earnestly. Offering patients a chance to participate in the randomized

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Human resource management - Essay Example 39). In short, it will act as the roadmap to all the processes required in the recruitment process. The idea of an organisation chart is to ensure that there are no regrets after the process such as having hired the wrong persons, or ending up with people who cannot adhere to the organisation’s demands and objectives. Jobs in different fields will have different [market] demands. In short, a job in medicine will not have the same recruitment descriptions as in the technological sector. Therefore, recruitment theories dictate that for effectiveness in interviewing, recruiting, and retaining employees, it is mandatory to have a specific job description for every available position. For instance, in this technological context, there may be a system administrator’s job vacancy. As such, it will be the duty of the human resources department to make it known to potential applicants that they should possess skills such as computer networking, knowledge in operating systems, computer security, and the ability to make other IT-related solutions. In having the specific required job descriptions, the organisation will attract applicants who know what is required of them, who are competent, and those who will not require extra resources before deciding on whether or not they fit the job. Job descriptions not only simplify the task for the organisation but also for the applicants. According to the subjective factor theory, job applicants will require more than just the financial offer of job descriptions. They will also demand to learn about an organisation’s reputation and what it requires of them before they present their applications. This is because a job should fulfill the financial, psychological, and emotional needs of employees (Yu & Cable 2013, p.49). Therefore, in presenting the required descriptions, applicants will be able to judge whether the job is all-round, that is, whether it will fulfil all their needs. This is important in that it will

Cross-Cultural Awareness Respond to question Essay - 1

Cross-Cultural Awareness Respond to question - Essay Example adership’ in their areas of expertise.  Both the leaderships of various organizations and the workforce having little influence anticipate free flow of information through participatory communication. At 80 China occupies a higher ranking on the PDI scale. The society believes that social and economic disparities amongst people are normal. The relationship between subordinates and their seniors seems to be ineffective and thus the society is prone to misuse of authority by the high and mighty. Individuals tend to honor formal leadership and orders and are usually upbeat about people’s competence for management initiatives. Chinese believe people should restrain their ambitions to their current position, especially in the corporate world. According to Adler (2008), individualism primarily connotes the level of interdependence amongst members of a society. It involves whether people refer to themselves individually or collectively. In an Individualist system, people are expected to look after themselves and their nearest and dearest only. Collectivist societies on the other hand witness people organize themselves in groups that fulfill their interests in exchange for allegiance. The United States scores 91 on this measure. This means the American culture is highly individualistic. Adler (2008) avers that the American culture is loosely-knit, and as a result people take care of themselves and those who are close to them. Americans have a high affinity to covering large distances and doing business with members of different cultures. In the corporate world, employees tend to be their own bosses, especially in their various capacities or areas of expertise. Good work eventually may earn them promotion. At 20, China is a highly communalist society where decisions are made by groups rather than individuals. In the group scenario, employee hiring and job promotions tend to be based on family and friendship ties.   Employees tend to be less committed to the

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Human resource management - Essay Example 39). In short, it will act as the roadmap to all the processes required in the recruitment process. The idea of an organisation chart is to ensure that there are no regrets after the process such as having hired the wrong persons, or ending up with people who cannot adhere to the organisation’s demands and objectives. Jobs in different fields will have different [market] demands. In short, a job in medicine will not have the same recruitment descriptions as in the technological sector. Therefore, recruitment theories dictate that for effectiveness in interviewing, recruiting, and retaining employees, it is mandatory to have a specific job description for every available position. For instance, in this technological context, there may be a system administrator’s job vacancy. As such, it will be the duty of the human resources department to make it known to potential applicants that they should possess skills such as computer networking, knowledge in operating systems, computer security, and the ability to make other IT-related solutions. In having the specific required job descriptions, the organisation will attract applicants who know what is required of them, who are competent, and those who will not require extra resources before deciding on whether or not they fit the job. Job descriptions not only simplify the task for the organisation but also for the applicants. According to the subjective factor theory, job applicants will require more than just the financial offer of job descriptions. They will also demand to learn about an organisation’s reputation and what it requires of them before they present their applications. This is because a job should fulfill the financial, psychological, and emotional needs of employees (Yu & Cable 2013, p.49). Therefore, in presenting the required descriptions, applicants will be able to judge whether the job is all-round, that is, whether it will fulfil all their needs. This is important in that it will

The Life and History of Jesse Stuart Essay Example for Free

The Life and History of Jesse Stuart Essay Jesse Stuart (1907— ) was the son of an illiterate tenant farmer from eastern Kentucky. Jesse Stuart had little formal education as a child. When he finally managed to attend high school, and then college, he discovered that he had a talent for writing. He has pursued a successful career as a writer, at the same time serving as a teacher and administrator in southern schools. In addition to short stories, Stuart has written poetry, novels, an autobiography (The Thread that Runs So True, 1958) and a biography of his father (Gods Oddling, 1960). It was from his father, that the author gained his great love of nature and appreciation individuality. LOVE Yesterday when the bright sun blazed down on the wilted corn my father and I walked around the edge of the new ground to plan a fence. The cows kept coming through the chestnut oaks on the cliff and running over the young corn. They bit off the tips of the corn and trampled down the stubble. My father walked in the cornbalk. Bob, our Collie, walked in front of my father. We heard a ground squirrel whistle down over the bluff among the dead treetops at the clearings edge. Whoop, take him, Bob, said my father. He lifted up a young stalk of corn, with wilted dried roots, where the ground squirrel had dug it up for the sweet grain of corn left on its tender roots. This has been a dry spring and the corn has kept well in the earth where the grain has sprouted. The ground squirrels love this corn. They dig up rows of it and eat the sweet grains. The young corn stalks are killed and we have to replant the corn. I can see my father keep sicking Bob after the ground squirrel. He jumped over the corn rows. He started to run toward the ground squirrel. I, too, started running toward the clearings edge where Bob was jumping and barking. The dust flew in tiny swirls behind our feet. There was a cloud of dust behind us. Its a big bull blacksnake, said my father. Kill him, Bob! Kill him, Bob! Bob was jumping and snapping at the snake so as to make it strike and throw itself off guard. Bob had killed twenty-eight copperheads this spring. He knows how to kill a snake. He doesnt rush to do it. He takes his time and does the job well. Lets dont kill the snake, I said. A blacksnake is a harmless snake. It kills poison snakes. It kills the copperhead. It catches more mice from the fields than a cat. I could see the snake didnt want to fight the dog. The snake wanted to get away. Bob wouldnt let it. I wondered why it was crawling toward a heap of black loamy earth at the bench of the hill. I wondered why it had come from the chestnut oak sprouts and the matted greenbriars on the cliff. I looked as the snake lifted its pretty head in response to one of Bobs jumps. Its not a bull blacksnake, I said. Its a she-snake. Look at the white on her throat. A snake is an enemy to me, my father snapped. I hate a snake. Kill it, Bob. Go in there and get that snake and quit playing with it! Bob obeyed my father. I hated to see him take this snake by the throat. She was so beautifully poised in the sunlight. Bob grabbed the white patch on her throat. He cracked her long body like an ox whip in the wind. He cracked it against the wind only. The blood spurted from her fine-curved throat. Something hit against my legs like pellets. Bob threw the snake down. I looked to see what had struck my legs. It was snake eggs. Bob had slung them from her body. She was going to the sand heap to lay her eggs, where the sun is the setting-hen that warms them and hatches them. Bob grabbed her body there on the earth where the red blood was running down on the gray-piled loam. Her body was still writhing in pain. She acted like a greenweed held over a new-ground fire. Bob slung her viciously many times. He cracked her limp body against the wind. She was now limber as a shoestring in the wind. Bob threw her riddled body back on the sand. She quivered like a leaf in the lazy wind, then her riddled body lay perfectly still. The blood colored the loamy earth around the snake. Look at the eggs, wont you? said my father. We counted thirty-seven eggs. I picked an egg up and held it in my hand. Only a minute ago there was life in it. It was an immature seed. It would not hatch. Mother sun could not incubate it on the warm earth. The egg I held in my hand was almost the size of a quails egg. The shell on it was thin and tough and the egg appeared under the surface to be a watery egg. Well, Bob, I guess you see now why this snake couldnt fight, I said, It is life. Stronger devour the weaker even among human beings. Dog kills snake. Snake kills birds. Birds kill the butterflies. Man conquers all. Man, too, kills for sport. Bob was panting. He walked ahead of us back to the house. His tongue was out of his mouth. He was tired. He was hot under his shaggy coat of hair. His tongue nearly touched the dry dirt and white flecks of foam dripped from it. We walked toward the house. Neither my father nor I spoke. I still thought about the dead snake. The sun was going down over the chestnut ridge. A lark was singing. It was late for a lark to sing. The red evening clouds floated above the pine trees on our pasture hill. My father stood beside the path. His black hair was moved by the wind. His face was red in the blue wind of day. His eyes looked toward the sinking sun. And my father hates a snake, I thought. I thought about the agony women know of giving birth. I thought about how they will fight to save their children. Then, I thought of the snake. I thought it was silly for me to think such thoughts. This morning my father and I got up with the chickens. He says one has to get up with the chickens to do a days work. We got the posthole digger, ax, spud, measuring pole and the mattock. We started for the clearings edge. Bob didnt go along. The dew was on the corn. My father walked behind with the posthole digger across his shoulder. I walked in front. The wind was blowing. It was a good morning wind to breathe and a wind that makes one feel like he can get under the edge of a hill and heave the whole hill upside down. I walked out the corn row where we had come yesterday afternoon. I looked in front of me. I saw something. I saw it move. It was moving like a huge black rope winds around a windlass. Steady, I says to my father. Here is the bull blacksnake. He took one step up beside me and stood. His eyes grew wide apart. What do you know about this, he said. You have seen the bull blacksnake now, I said. Take a good look at him! He is lying beside his dead mate. He has come to her. He, perhaps, was on her trail yesterday. The male snake had trailed her to her doom. He had come in the night, under the roof of stars, as the moon shed rays of light on the quivering clouds of green. He had found his lover dead. He was coiled beside her, and she was dead. The bull blacksnake lifted his head and followed us as we walked around the dead snake. He would have fought us to his death. He would have fought Bob to his death. Take a stick, said my father, and throw him over the hill so Bob wont find him. Did you ever see anything to beat that? Ive heard theyd do that. But this is my first time to see it. I took a stick and threw him over the bank into the dewy sprouts on the cliff.

Siebel Assignment Manager Rules Engine Computer Science Essay

Siebel Assignment Manager Rules Engine Computer Science Essay Siebel Assignment Manager is a rules engine that allows sales and service organizations to assign the most qualified people to specific tasks. Assignment Manager accomplishes this function by matching candidates to predefined and user-configurable assignment objects. To assign the most qualified candidate to each object, Assignment Manager applies assignment rules that you define. For you to define assignment rules, you select: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Objects to which each assignment rule applies à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rule Groups to which each assignment rule applies (optional) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Criteria for each assignment rule à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Values for each assignment criteria à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Skills to match assignment rules, objects, organizations, employees, and positions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Scores for each assignment rule, criteria, and value à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Candidates that are scored using the assignment rule à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Workload rules to balance work across your organization Terminology of Assignment Manager: Assignment Object: In Siebel Assignment Object is repository Data type which is need to be assigned. Based on Assignment Rule Assignment Manager finds the suitable candidate. A number of predefined assignment objects are available for use by Assignment Manager for the most commonly used business entities in Siebel Business Applications. Some of the predefined assignment objects are: à ¢-   Account à ¢-   Activity à ¢-   Campaign à ¢-   Campaign Contact à ¢-   Contact à ¢-   Opportunity à ¢-   Order (Sales Credit Assignment) à ¢-   Product Defect à ¢-   Project à ¢-   Project Team à ¢-   Service Request Assignment Rule: In Siebel Assignment Manager, an assignment rule is a collection of logical business boundaries. Each assignment rule has an activation and an expiration date that you can use to denote a range of dates for when the rule should be active. If you specify an activation date and no expiration date, the rule is active from the date denoted by the activation date onwards. If you specify an expiration date and no activation date, the rule is active until the date denoted by the expiration date. If you do not specify neither the activation date nor the expiration date, the rule is always active. Assignment Criteria: In Siebel Assignment Manager, assignment criteria enforce business conditions when applied to assignment rules. An assignment rule can have one or more assignment criteria. For Each criterion specific values can be given if required. Running mode of Assignment Manager: Batch ModeUse batch assignment to assign multiple records of an object in a single batch. Typically, you want to run batch jobs periodically when you anticipate the least amount of database activity (such as daily or weekly after-hours). Dynamic ModeDynamic assignment is especially useful in a deployment where users and server programs make frequent changes to the assignment object records (such as service requests and activities) because dynamic assignment can automatically determine the changes and assign the objects to the appropriate people and organizations. Interactive ModeRunning Assignment Manager in interactive mode allows end users to make real-time assignments. End users can review a list of potential assignees generated by Assignment Manager, then select and confirm, or override the assignment from the generated potential candidate list. Creating Assignment Rule (Considering Service Request as Assignment Object) Goto SiteMap->Admin Assignment DrillDown on Rule Group List Create a new Record Name Parent Rule Group Activation Expiration SR Assignment (If required) Date(From when rule group should be Active) Date(After this Date rule group should be expired) Drilldown on Rule Group Name Create Assignment Rule in Rule List Applet Name SR Assignment Rule For Object to be Assigned, Create a new record in PickApplet and select an Object. Fill Other fields Object To Be Assigned Activation Expiration Sequence Service Request Date(From when rule should be Active) Date(After this Date rule should be expired) 1 Drill Down on Assignment Rule, Fill the Candidate Details on the basis of requirement. Important fields, there values and descriptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Assignee Filter Field Assignee Filter Field Values Assignee Filter Description All, Above Minimum Use assignees with an assignment score greater than or equal to the assignment rules candidate passing score. Assigns one or more assignees. All, Must Assign Same as the All, Above Minimum value, except that the highest-scoring candidate is a potential assignee even if all candidates fail to meet the candidate passing score. Assigns one or more assignees. One, Best Fit Use the highest scoring assignee with an assignment score greater than or equal to the candidate passing score. Assigns one assignee. One, Random Choose a random assignee whose score is greater than or equal to the candidate passing score required for this assignment rule. Assigns one assignee. NOTE:  Ã‚  If you do not use scores, the candidate passing score on the assignment rule and all qualifying candidate scores are treated as zero. Therefore, every qualifying candidate (every candidate that passes all required criteria) is assigned depending on the assignee filter. The assignee filter determines how candidates are evaluated as potential assignees to the object. 2.2 Person Candidates Source From Rule. To assign the objects only to candidate (positions and employees) defined in the rule. All People. Checks Assignment Skills of the entire candidate (positions and employees) Teams. The person dynamic candidate teams you define in Siebel Tools (the value of the Team Type property in the Dynamic Candidate object) appear in the Person Candidates Source list of values (LOV) field in the assignment rule. 2.3 Organization Candidates Source From Rule. To assign the objects only to candidate (Organization) defined in the rule. All People. Checks Assignment Skills of the entire candidate (Organization). Teams. The organization dynamic candidate teams you define in Siebel Tools appear in the Organization Candidates Source list of values (LOV) field in the assignment rule. Check Employee Calendar Field If check then Assignment Manager checks the employees availability by checking its calander. Assignment Criteria: Goto Assignment Rule DrillDown on the Rule Name In Criteria tab, Create a new record Rule Criterion Service Request Type Comparison Method:Assignment Manager uses criteria comparison methods to qualify objects or candidates, or both, foran assignment rule Comparison Method Description Compare to Object Criteria values are compared with objects attribute. Compare to Person Compares criteria values to skills of person candidates (employees or positions). Person candidates that possess the skills required by the criterion qualify for this criterion. Compare Object to Person Objects attribute is compared with Assignment Skills of the candidates (employees or positions), Object is assigned to one candidates (employees or positions). Compare to Organization Compares criteria values to skills of Organization candidates. Organization candidates that possess the skills required by the criterion qualify for this criterion. Compare Object to Organization Objects attribute is compared with Assignment Skills of the organization candidates, Object is assigned to one organization candidates. Inclusion Method: Inclusion Method Description Include Attribute value must match at least criteria value Include All Attribute value must match all criteria value Include All Matching All Attribute value must match matching criteria value Exclude Attribute value should exclude all criteria value 5. Enter the criteria value by creating new record. Adding Candidates: Goto Employee candidate Add database users by creating new record. Workload distribution: Workload distribution is a special criteria type that balances the load between candidates. You create workload distribution by adding workload rules in the Assignment Workload view for employees and positions, or the Assignment Organization Workload view for organizations. Workload distribution is generally used with service assignments. Goto Workload Distribution Rule view. Create a new record Name Object To Be Assigned AssignServiceRequest Service Request Provide the condition for workload Condition Field Comparison Operator Value Service Request Status = Open Add this Workload distribution rule to Assignment Rule. Goto Assignment Rule Drilldown on Rule Name-> Goto Workload Distribution tab Create a new record. Select workload distribution rule Give a value for Maximum Workload Eg. 100. Give Score value if required. Finally Goto Assignment Rule and press Release button to make it available. Running Assignment Manager (Batch Mode): Goto Admin-Server Management-> Jobs Create a new record with following details Give the Component Name Batch Assignment Make the job repeating by giving following details Repeating Y Repeat Unit Minutes Repeat Interval 5 Enter the following job parameter. Name Value Assignment Object Name Service Request Object Where Clause where SR_STAT_ID = Open AND OWNER_EMP_ID IS NULL Submit the JOB. Dynamic Candidate: They are the potential assignee for assignment object. Similar to Static Candidate. These are the group of members for which Assignment Manager works. Dynamic Candidate mainly works for Compare Object to Person. This of two types, Single Owner Type: Only one candidate will be associated with Assignment Object. Multiple Owner Type: Multiple Members Will be associated with Assignment Object. For Configuring Dynamic Candidate, It is need to be configured from Tool side. The advantage of Dynamic Candidate is to reduce the list of members for assignment. Configuring Dynamic Candidate; Login into Siebel Tools. Query for Service Request in workflow policy. Goto Service Request Assignment Object. Goto Dynamic Candidate, Configure this according to following data. Compile Service Request Workflow Policy. This Team (Dynamic members) will be available in Person Candidate List. Case Study of Assignment Manager: Requirement Æ’Â  Service Request created under Account should be assigned to a candidate on the basis of following points: Service Request Type(Type Of Service Request) Employee Circle(SR circle and employee circle should be same) Service Request Shift Details(SR Creation time should be within employee working hour) Market Segment(Market Segment type of Account) Service Request should assign to limited users. Approach:- We have a option of limited no of users, i.e. the value in Person candidate source should be From Rule For Assignee filter we are using All, Above Minimum because we are not using scores. We have added two employees in Employee Candidate. We have Added Workload distribution rule, having maximum load 100. We are Using Compare to Object, Because Criteria values are being compared with Object attribute. Inclusion method is Include because only one value of object attribute is there to match with Assignment criteria value. EBC Steps to create EBCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Log in to Tool Goto File -> New Object (New Object Wizard) Select External Table Schema Import Enter The Following Details Project Any locked Project Schema Source If importing from DDL file then use DDL/Analytics, otherwise use ODBC Character Group Any three random digit After giving these details press Next. Select a data source which has ODBC entry. Give the name of table owner. Eg. STAGING Goto Next step. Select the table you want to generate the schema of goto next step. Provide the run time data source. As mentioned in TNS entry. Finish the wizard. This wizard will create external table schema. To check this data source make following entries in cfg file. In Data source section: [DataSources] UWUATDB = UWUATDB Foe this Data source make following entries: [UWUATDB] Docked = FALSE ConnectString = UWUATDB TableOwner = STAGING DSUsername = STAGING DSPassword = STAGING DLL = sscdo90.dll SqlStyle = OracleCBO Create a Business component based on this table and mentioned the Data Source name for the BC.

The Hazards of E-voting Essay -- Democracy Voting Internet Essays

The Hazards of E-voting A democracy can only be effective when it runs efficiently, when the will of the people is transmitted through the corridors of power. It can only hit its zenith if the most important function of democracy, voting, is carried out flawlessly. Although flawlessness has never been achieved, men have certainly tried to keep the voting system as efficient as possible, with the least possible amounts of votes being lost or mis-counted. Human error is of course, uncontrollable. This error combined with the partiality of all humans, prompted the development of machines that would register, store and count the ballots which were cast. Electronic voting, or e-voting, soon found advocates and lots of opposition. Many in the opposition thought of this idea as ephemeral, how could one entrust democracy to an imperfect machine? A Diebold E-vote Machine As the last election showed, e-voting has gained a strong foothold in the US. Twenty-eight out of the fifty states1 in the US used e-voting machines in some counties. This accounts for about 30 percent of U.S. voters on November 232. Nevada and Maryland3 used the machines in all counties. Do the advantages of using a machine, outweigh the potential hazards of using a device which can be manipulated or hacked into? Grant Gross, from IDG News Services discusses the shortcomings. "Voting security advocates have raised dozens of concerns about direct electronic recording machines. Among the complaints about DREs: Some of the back-end vote- counting tabulators can easily be hacked; some smart cards that provide access to the machines can be faked; and votes can be lost when machines crash, as computers sometimes do."4 The security issues wi... ...ean Union has funded a 3.2 million euro, three-year pilot program to use e-voting in three local elections, one in France and the other two in Germany and in Sweden. More than 1 million Estonians will be ready to vote via the Internet in 2006 local elections. Yet it appears that the people managing these systems do not understand the great risks involved with e-voting. It seems that the motives behind this exodus towards e-voting in Europe, is more political then technological. "They are politicians wanting to look tech savvy."9 Whether e-voting is the way in which Americans will choose their leaders in the coming years, is an issue that can only be decided by their increasing amount of usage in coming years. References 1 and 2 The Industry Standard 3,4, PC World 5, 6 Washington Post 8 Computer Weekly.com 9 MSNBC- The age of E-voting

The Future of Open Source :: essays research papers

A system without a display, for example, could discourage the development of graphical applications, or if it were difficult for several people to interact with the same application this could discourage some educational uses. Moreover, Fano noted that after a system starts to develop in a particular direction, work in this direction is preferred and it accelerates the development in this direction. As a result, â€Å"the inherent characteristics of a time-sharing system may well have long-lasting effects on the character, composition, and intellectual life of a community† (cf. Tuomi, 2002: 86). The modern concept of proprietary software emerged in the 1970s, when the computer- equipment industry began to unbundle software from hardware, and independent software firms started to produce software for industry-standard computer platforms. Over the decade, this development led to the realization that software was associated with important intellectual capital which could provide its owners with revenue streams. In 1983, AT&T was freed from the constraints of its earlier antitrust agreement, which had restricted its ability to commercialize software, and it started to enforce its copyrights in the popular Unix operating system. The growing restrictions on access to source code also started to make it difficult to integrate peripheral equipment, such as printers, into the developed systems. This frustrated many software developers, and led Richard Stallman to launch the GNU project in 1983 and the Free Software Foundation in 1985. Stallman’s pioneering idea was to use copyrights in a way that guaranteed that the source code would remain available for further development and that it could not be captured by commercial interests. For that purpose, Stallman produced a standard license, the GNU General Public License, or GPL, and set up to develop an alternative operating system that would eventually be able to replace proprietary operating systems. Although the GNU Alix/Hurd operating-system kernel never really materialized, the GNU project became a critical foundation for the open-source movement. The tools developed in the GNU project, including the GNU C-language compiler GCC, the C-language runtime libraries, and the extendable Emacs program editor, paved the way for the launching of other open-source projects. The most important of these became the Linux project, partly because it was the last critical piece missing from the full GNU operating-system environment. Eventually, the core Linux operating system became 431 The Future of Open Source combined with a large set of open-source tools and applications, many of which relied on the GNU program libraries and used the GPL. The first version of the Linux operating system was released on the Internet in mid-September 1991. The amount of code in the first Linux release was quite modest.